Religion in The Lottery by Shirley Jackson Essay - 963 Words

Religion in The Lottery by Shirley Jackson The Lottery, and Christianity Shirley Jackson’s short story â€Å"The Lottery†, if left at face value, is a perverse tale of a small village sacrificial ceremony, which leaves a lasting impression upon the reader. However to take the story at face value would nearly be an exercise in futility, for then the reader would be missing the deeper meanings found in the delicate symbolism that Jackson places throughout the tale. Indeed, the symbolic meanings of many of the people and things placed throughout the narrative depict certain attitudes and beliefs about Christianity and its religious system. Take for instance the Black box that is used in â€Å"The Lotteryâ€Å". It is used as a representation of the†¦show more content†¦Nearly the two become one, the stool and the box, just as in Christian beliefs God and the bible are all but inseparable, much to the chagrin of others. Slips of paper, as insignificant as they may seem on the surface, take on meaning of great magnitude in the story. As each individual participant in the lottery finds that there paper is not the one marked, the paper is released and drifts away. The slips of paper come to represent the participant’s souls, here representing the untainted soul, drifting away and remaining free, as if going to heaven. In contrast Mrs. Hutchison’s slip of paper that has a dark spot, shows that marred souls receive punishment after judgment, a common Christian belief. I believe the symbolism here is trying to show us that only certain people can be lucky enough to fit within the criteria that Christianity places on a person in order to be holy, and that a sinner can easily be anyone if you use Christian standards. Several of the characters and attributes of the characters come to embody Christian, Biblical, and church-like things. For example you have Mr. summers who is the head of the procession. He is wearing a â€Å"clean white shirt....† this giving us the feeling of him being a priest, whom often times wear white robes. Mr. Adams is the first to draw from the box and receive his judgment. In the Bible, as many already know, Adam is theShow MoreRelatedCatholicism Exposed in The Lottery by Shirley Jackson Essay1303 Words   |  6 Pagesgeneration to generation. Tradition becomes a part of who we are as a scociety. Shirley Jackson mocks society’s way of blindly following certain traditions. Characteristics of Jackson’s story create a parallel with Catholicism, by harping on our fear of change but our ability to manipulate what we want from our traditions and the basis of Catholicism’s belief of the innocence in children. Shirley Jacksons short story The Lotter y has created a clear link to Catholicism encouraging us to open our eyesRead MoreEssay The Truth in the Lottery1338 Words   |  6 Pagesand its â€Å"tradition† so its apart of us. Shirley Jackson mocks our way of blindly following certain traditions. Characteristics of Jackson’s story create a parallel with Catholicism, by harping on our fear of change but our ability to manipulate what we want from our traditions and the basis of Catholicism’s belief of the innocence in children. Jackson uses friendly language among the villagers and in presentation of the lottery to illustrate the lottery as an event similar to square dances, HalloweenRead MoreUse of Symbolism in The Lottery by Shirley Jackson1146 Words   |  5 Pagesbulb represents ideas that just sparked into a character’s head. In the short story, â€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson, a village has just entered the month of June, meaning that the lottery is to begin. When everyone was present, the heads of the households’ names were called one by one to pick up a slip of paper. It was then discovered that the Hutchinson family was the chosen family to participate in the lottery again. When Mr. Hutchinson, Mrs. Hutchinson, Bill Jr., Nancy, and Little Dave each gotRead MoreThe Lottery By Shirley Jackson972 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson, is a short story about an annual lottery draw in a small New England town. The town’s people have performed the lottery for more than seventy years. Shirley Jackson gives â€Å"The Lottery† a whole different meaning . The lottery is used for a public stoning, opposing to the very first thing that approaches to a reader s mind when they think of the lottery; a big amount of money . The reader sees both literal an d metaphorical meaning of the Shirley Jackson’s short storyRead MoreSymbolism in The Lottery, by Shirley Jackson Essay example1173 Words   |  5 PagesWhen most people play the lottery today, they think about having wealth. Generally, people who win are happy about it whether they win one dollar or a million. The lottery in our society has grown to support education and it is often worth several million dollars. Usually, the winner of the lottery gains a lot of recognition for the money they win. But what would happen if there was a small town where people held a yearly lottery in which the â€Å"winner† was the member of the town who was not sacrificedRead MoreOne of Americas Best and Most Controversial Short Stories, The Lottery by Shirley Jackson966 Words   |  4 Pagesover 2 hours the villagers gathered around the town’s square awaiting the results to the annual lottery. â€Å"The Lottery† was written by Shirley Jackson in 1948 and became one of A merica’s best and most controversial short stories. In â€Å"The Lottery† Shirley Jackson expressed her opinion on society’s resistance to change and how people uphold traditions passed down through generations. At first in â€Å"The Lottery† the author makes it seem like this annual event is a very positive event in the village. TheRead MoreAnalysis of The Lottery by Shirley Jackson993 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to Anais Nin, a prominent Spanish author, When we blindly adopt a religion, a political system, a literary dogma, we become automatons. We cease to grow. Shirley Jackson was born in 1919 in San Francisco, California to Leslie and Geraldine Jackson. She is most well known for her short story titled â€Å"The Lottery† which was first published in The New Yorker to overwhelming and mixed reviews. The lottery, as portrayed in the short story, is a religious, annual ceremony in the afternoon ofRead MoreAn Analysis of Shirley Jacksons The Lottery and Flannery OConnors A Good Man Is Hard to Find1360 Words   |  5 PagesShirley Jackson The Lottery Shirley Jacksons short story The Lottery depicts life in a provincial American town with rigid social norms. Mr. Summers symbolizes everything that is wrong with the town; he represents blind adherence to ritual, social rigidity, and resistance to change. His name corresponds with the seasonal setting of The Lottery, too, drawing attention to the importance of his character in shaping the theme of the story. Summers is in charge of the central motif of the storyRead MoreAnalysis Of Shirley Jacksons The Lottery1303 Words   |  6 PagesAs once said by Professor John P. Kotter, tradition is a very powerful force (qtd. in AZQuotes). In Shirley Jacksons chilling story The Lottery, a town celebrates a special custom of stoning people to death every year. Jackson perfectly depicts a possible event that may occur from blindly following tradition without evaluating the purpose or usefulness of it in the first place. Jackson’s use of plot, theme, and symbolism reveal the evil reality of blind faith, tradition, and their consequencesRead MoreCompare And Contrast The Lottery By Shirley Jackson1012 Words   |  5 Pages Fiction Essay Young Goodman Brown vs. The Lottery Authors: Nathaniel Hawthrone and Shirley Jackson ENGL 102 Spring Zuidema October 16, 2017 Page Break Nyasia Midgette ENGL 102 October 9, 2017 Thesis Statement: The Lottery by Shirley Jackson and Young Goodman Brown by Nathaniel Hawthrone stories, Shirley Jackson encourages her readers to question their beliefs, actions, and the world by creating struggle. Page

Youth Culture And Its Effect On Society - 1291 Words

The definition of youth culture has never been a stagnant concept; it is always evolving with the needs and demands of the current generation of youth. Many have tried to quantify ‘youth culture’ youths themselves act in certain ways thus putting themselves in to categories and adults looking back at today’s youth culture but always comparing it to their own ‘youth culture’. The boxes the youth have created may differ in every look, appearance, and behavior but they all have the modes of expression to mold and create their ‘sub-culture’. Many of the time these ‘sub-cultures’ grow to the size they become profitable and thus corporations force the ‘sub-culture’ in to the light of ‘mainstream culture’. Furthermore, ‘youth culture’ depending on the ‘sub-culture’ can and cannot be defined by a specific place or places. With so many constantly changing layers in ‘youth cultu re’ it is impossible to get a static definition. If one were to look at the concept of ‘youth culture’ with only two parties; the youth’s, and the ‘non-youths’, you would find that the only difference between the two is that they differ on â€Å"a set of ideas, customs and beliefs that shape people’s activities and their production of material artifacts including the landscape and the built environment.†(McDowell, 1994). Youths are the creator of their own worlds and they are the ones who create their own identity and they are the ones who define what youth culture is. This idea of what constitutes youth cultureShow MoreRelatedCulture Globalization and Its Impact on Recreation Culture1353 Words   |  6 Pagessocial phenomenon what appear on societies , but globalization appearance and its effect on any field will connected by cultural and ideological debates what its to hard to predict its results. Cultural globalization is most important globalization fields , Arab makers decision are commit error if they believe that challenges of globalization period is only economic challenges but the most critical challenges in that field is cultural challenges . culture was found and persist as componentRead MoreThe Role of Media in Youth Culture in Contemporary Society1309 Words   |  6 Pagesrole that society has given to the media to dictate youth culture has become one of the most lucrative conquests corporations are battling over today. Much like empires throughout history, media empires today have found their ‘Africa’. This paper is an examination of this silent, bloodless conquest through two different sociological lenses. First we will consider the effect of media in youth’s culture using functional theory. Stating the primary assumptions valuable in studying the effects of mediaRead MoreRamsi Case Report1384 Words   |  6 Pagespositive effects on safe ty in the Solomon Islands, specifically Honiara. As well as having positive effects on safety, RAMSI also assisted in saving the Solomon Islands from economic collapse. This mission has had effects on both young people from the Solomon Islands and from the nations supporting the Solomon Islands, specifically Australians. This report will go on to identify these effects on young people and services that support them. It will then recognize how any negative effects are beingRead MoreThe Impact Of Pop Culture On The Music Industry1720 Words   |  7 Pages The 1990’s was a stepping ground for the development of society as it is today. Through television, music, art and technology American social structures experienced huge changes. Gone were the days of the Huxtables where nuclear families displayed perfect, well put together families. 80’s music once filled with electric synthesizers and singers professing their love for their partners evolved into Hip Hop and Grunge music that discussed the grittiness of real life and the human struggle mostRead MoreTechnology And Social Problems1229 Words   |  5 PagesDefining the problem Every aspect of life in the society has embraced modernization and gained more technological advancement because of the presence of computers, cell phones, television, internet and industries of every kind. Communication has also taken the shape of emails and text messages as well as business systems such as online libraries, e buying, and online banking. Even though technology has contributed a lot towards the advancement of the society today, the truth is it has also brought a negativeRead MoreThe Death Of Gang Research1637 Words   |  7 Pagesmembers (Driscoll, 2013). Some of the first predecessors of street gangs were Secret Societies, Gangs of Outlaws in the Wild West, Klu Klux Klan, and Voting gangs which dealt with Democratic Parties in big cities. Many of the early gangs were put together as a manner of self-protection where people thought that they would be a stronger entity if more people were involved. The missions of gangs in today’s society have grown from back then where there were violent crimes like drug trafficking, prostitutionRead MoreInfluence of Media and Popular Culture Essay924 Words   |  4 PagesIt is shocking that there are many controversies that society hides from people. Throughout the reading this chapter, I wondered why people started believed the United States as a nation of freedom and opportunity. Then I realized that the society continuously reminds us that the United States is a land with full of opportunities, and people are treated equally in here through Mass Media. â€Å"Lies My Teacher Told Me† said that textbooks and society hide and manipulate the important but negative factsRead MoreThe Impact Of Mass Media On Youth And Society1378 Words   |  6 PagesThe Impact of Mass Med ia on the Youth and Society Nowadays, the issue of mass media has caused much debate in the modern society, as well as mass media is becoming more important as a component that negatively affects the behavior of young people. There are many other factors, such as micro-environment, economic instability, the decline of moral values affecting children and young people and encourage them to commit unlawful acts. However, unlimited access to the Internet, mobile phone use in theRead MoreWhat Led to the Collapse of Consensus?1489 Words   |  6 Pagesimprove the country. By the late 60’s, US society was polarised: divided between different viewpoints: Youth culture; counter-culture, and multiculturism. The youth culture was created due to a baby boom in the 50’s and 60’s as this led to a large youth population. Most children stayed in school and university for longer. Most had more money because of the affluent society either from their parents of part-time jobs. As a result, they developed their own culture. Teenager became the term used to describeRead More Media Influence on the Youth Essay527 Words   |  3 PagesMedia Influence on the Youth Media strongly affects youth culture. The media executives are quick to defend their role in youth violence and bullying while selling millions of dollars in adds focused on youth. TV producers, network executives, motion picture companies and others in the media deny any impact of their programs on the attitudes and actions of youth. Meanwhile they continue to spend millions on special effects and marketing geared to increase appeal to youth markets. While corporations

What should Betty do Free Essays

Betty needs to evaluate the ethical and legal aspect of the situation. Did Betty lied for the Senior Management position? The question Is about what Is right and what is ethical and, what Is the right thing for Betty to do? The current proposed action for Betty Is, whether the action Is legal? According to Bagley and Savage (2009), It Is vital to address the legal Issue first In order to establish the perception that legal compliance is the starting point for any standard. Also the authors stated that â€Å"when you try to keep to the letter of the law while undermining the spirit, you are likely to violate the letter in the end† (p. We will write a custom essay sample on What should Betty do? or any similar topic only for you Order Now 26). This implies that it is better to adhere to the law because law helps to shape the competitive environment which affects each of the five forces that determine the attractiveness of an industry. In this regard being part of senior management, it is important for Betty to choose the legal path. Does answering yes to the legal issue, maximize shareholders value? There are two answers to the question, yes or no. If Betty answers yes, the next question Is, Is It ethical? The Issues of ethical are to prove o the customers, employees, community, environment, and suppliers than satisfying the shareholders. If the proposed Issue maximizes shareholders value and It Is ethical, then Betty has to disclose to the human resource department. Similarly, If her answer in maximizing shareholders value is no, then Betty requires to evaluate the effects and cost on shareholders with regards to other stakeholders. The question is would it be ethical not to take action? If the answer to this question is no, then Betty has to disclose her actions to shareholders. How should Human Resources handle his situation? Since human resources have requested Betty’s personal and educational information to update her records, the human resources department needs to give her a deadline as to when the Information is due and also give her the option to set a meeting If she Is unable to come up with the Information at the stipulated time. Until human resources receives the Information or hears from Betty, they should give her the benefit of the doubt without making any Judgment or assumption. In the event where Betty is unable to prove that she has an MBA, and decided to come clean, Human resources should offer her a step down with the option to complete her MBA, voluntary resignation and firing her should be the last resort considering her outstanding performance during her ten years tenure at Colossal. As Senior Vice President, the position requires legally astute managers and leaders are expected to adhere to the laws and ethical standards. As managers, they have to set the ethical tone of the company and employees. Go ethical behavior from leaders is considered good for a business and the authors stated that â€Å"patterns of unethical behavior tend o result In Illegal behavior over time† (p. 3). Reference Bagley, E. Savage, D. (2009). DUMB 610 course pack: Managers and the legal environment. Coinage Learning: Mason, OH. Is Shaker’s behavior ethical? Sharked behavior on one hand is unethical because he was someone â€Å"in the know’, he gathers information through colonization from coworkers and shares the same information with other c oworkers who may use the information to their advantage. This portrays Sharked as an unethical person that lacks integrity, fairness and honesty. On the other hand, Sharked has the right as an employee to ask questions bout the relationship between his boss and Sheila Sharpe. Sharked should review the company’s code of conduct if available for guidance or call the company’s ethic hotlist to report his suspicion. According to Bagley and Savage (2009), it may be worthwhile to inform other employees about unethical situation. If other employees did not show interest, through evaluation of his beliefs, Sharked can follow what he feels deem to proceed on the issue. Does it make a difference if the allegation of the affair between his boss and Sheila Sharpe is true or false? It does difference if the allegation of the affair between Sharked boss and Sheila Sharpe is true. If the affair is false this can lead to destroy the personal character of Sheila Sharpe. As a manager, he should set the stage for better ethical environment. As the manager, he the responsibility to enact code of conduct, training employees and arrange a method of reporting misconduct. Sam Cipher finds out that Sharked has been gossiping about him and Sheila Sharpe. Assume the gossip about Sam and Sheila is not true, and Sam wants to fire Sharked. Should the Human Resources Office support his decision? This is a conflicting situation the Sam Cipher should must decide as what is the right thing to do in this situation. According to Barrack â€Å"when trying to resolve problems that raise questions of personal integrity and moral, managers should ask, who am l? † This will reveal Sam Cipher feelings in terms of the conflict at hand and determine if the conflict may affect the company. The Human resource should ask, who are we as an organization? The human resource department should determine the interpretations of the ethical implication on the company. The human resource department should insider the position of the organization in terms of relationship with the stakeholders. How to cite What should Betty do?, Papers

Critical Readings in Planning Theory - Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Critical Readings in Planning Theory. Answer: Introduction Planning for the future is pivotal to the growth and development of any economy. At present, The Australian economy is battling various issues and addressing them is the need of the hour. Therefore urban planning is critical to the long term sustainability of Australian cities. The intensifying population of the country has mandated the need to plan for a brighter future. This rise in population has also led to increased migration in urban areas of the country (Faludi, 2013). The growing urban population has mammoth needs which can only be satiated through improved opportunities, infrastructure, education and overall economic growth. In order to accomplish the same, extensive planning is required which would help in paving the way to urban growth. This report throws light upon the role of planning in managing urban growth. Planning institute of Australias policy of 2014 has been referred for a deeper insight on the importance of planning. PIA is a national body of planners which works with the mission to create better communities by guiding planners through communication, education and professional development (PIA, 2018). PIA asserts that planning for the future is pivotal to Australias efficiency and livability. PIAs policy statement declares that good planning is the best way to manage urban growth, secure required infrastructure and generate economic development. The purpose of good planning according to Planning Institute of Australia relates to the idea of achieving goal on social, economic and environmental platforms (Badland et. al., 2014). Planning has been identified at a crucial tool in managing copious changes which are being faced by our communities. PIA has been known to deliver a wide range of activities that develop planners and demonstrate the value for planning for the growth of the community. Over the last many years, PIA has played an active role in ensuring that the economys efforts towards growth are planned in an effective manner leading to productive outcomes. Role of good planning in managing urban growth For the long term success of any project, the first and the most basic step is planning. The role of planning must not be undermined in order to successfully take the project to its zenith. Planning for urban growth helps in defining desired outcomes as well as in generating a pathway to reach that outcome (Geertman, Toppen Stillwell, 2013). Australia is one of the most developed societies in the world. In order to ensure continued growth of the economy, planning plays a critical role in identifying the needs and drivers of change within the country. Urban growth, in this context, refers to social, economic and environmental growth. The Australian economy is facing various changes including growing population, reducing inflation, increasing unemployment and growing poverty. In order to address these issues at large, effective planning by the central as well as the state governments in the need of the hour. People come from towns to cities in order to seek for jobs which give rise to unemployment and increases population. Effective planning must be done to address these issues. A good planning will only be possible if there is an active participation by the members and the authority. Further, it is also essential that the members are professionally trained and dedicated towards their work. Government of the state is under obligation to plan in efficient and effective manner so as to achieve urban growth. Under good planning, essential infrastructure investment is done by the government for the welfare of urban people. Apart from this, suitable settlement patterns are determined for cities and town. These settlement patterns promote and encourage prosperity and development in urban areas. In good planning, planner foresight and predict the future in order to reduce risks and challenges. In this way, good planning reduces adverse social, economic and environmental consequences and impacts. Optimize utilizations of resources can be possible through good planning (Leigh Blakely, 2016). Planning for urban growth also helps governments in identifying and managing their investment in the economy. This in turn leads to effective utilization of funds. Therefore good planning is guided by communities to determine the growth and success of urban areas. Effective leadership style s are used by planners to manage the urban growth. Planning for urban growth also helps in identifying various performance indicators against which urban growth can be measured. According to PIA, these performance indicators include stronger communities, confident return on investment, and enhancement in inherent value for the youth, increased innovation, and preparedness for climatic change (Taylor et. al., 2014). Effective planning for the future also ensures identification of the needs of all the stakeholders and equal participation and contribution from them. Key stakeholders of urban growth in Australia include residents, government (state, local and federal) and real estate property development industry (Fagence, 2014). Active participation from all the stakeholders can be achieved through advance planning and this is pivotal for effective urban growth (Paris, 2013). A good planning delivers outcomes. This is because planning ensures that communities are prepared for uncertain circumstances that may pose any risk to the growth. Planning in an effective manner leads to ensuring that such situations are handled with poise and productivity. Conclusion A good planning is really important to manage urban growth. Urban growth can be seen as the rise in population in the cities. Planning for urban growth will assist in identifying long term goals and also help all the stakeholders to understand their role in achieving those goals. The importance of planning for any individual, organization or society cannot be undermined. It is one of the most important arrow in the quiver of the Australian government and it is imperative that they use it meritoriously. Therefore in order to courageously battle the issues clouding Australias urban growth, it is imperative to plan pedantically. This will lead to increased sustainability and improved living conditions of the society. References Badland, H., Whitzman, C., Lowe, M., Davern, M., Aye, L., Butterworth, I., Hes, D. and Giles-Corti, B., 2014. Urban liveability: emerging lessons from Australia for exploring the potential for indicators to measure the social determinants of health.Social science medicine,111, pp.64-73. Fagence, M., 2014.Citizen participation in planning(Vol. 19). Elsevier. India. Faludi, A., 2013.A reader in planning theory(Vol. 5). Elsevier. India. Geertman, S., Toppen, F. and Stillwell, J., 2013.Planning support systems for sustainable urban development. Heidelberg: Springer. Leigh, N.G. and Blakely, E.J., 2016.Planning local economic development: Theory and practice. Sage Publications. Paris, C. ed., 2013.Critical Readings in Planning Theory: Urban and Regional Planning Series. Elsevier. India. PIA, 2018. About us. Available at https://www.planning.org.au/aboutpia. Retrieved on 9 April, 2018. Taylor, B., Wallington, T., Heyenga, S. and Harman, B., 2014. Urban growth and climate adaptation in Australia: Divergent discourses and implications for policy-making.Urban Studies,51(1), pp.3-21.

The Lieberman Factor Essays - Baalei Teshuva, Joe Lieberman, Al Gore

The Lieberman Factor The Lieberman Factor The repercussions of Democratic Presidential candidate Al Gores seminal selection of Senator Joseph Lieberman as his running mate are not only helping to decide the presidential election, but also are being felt on the wider national Jewish and political scenes. The Vice Presidential selection was a transparent attempt by Gore to distance himself from President Clintons scandals. Joe Lieberman has often been referred to as the conscience of the Senate. He has repeatedly denounced the pornographic and violent products of Hollywood. Lieberman was also the first Democrat in the Senate to denounce Clinton during the Lewinsky affair, though he didnt vote for impeachment. The political wisdom of Gores pick of Leiberman was immediately confirmed. Gore had been trailing 17 points in the polls prior to the selection of Lieberman, but within a few days Gore was tied with Bush in the polls. At that time there was a chorus of approval for Lieberman. Literally, no one had anything bad to say abou t him. Indeed, Republican Vice-Presidential candidate Dick Cheney stated his wish that Lieberman was a Republican. The one element that now permeates Liebermans public persona has been his religion. He is of course the first Jewish Vice Presidential candidate. Yet, if Lieberman were just ethnically Jewish, he would not be as historically unique as he is. There have been Jewish Prime Ministers in Europe, such as Leon Blum of France. Unlike those men, Lieberman is an Orthodox Jew. For the Jewish community this appointment is critical, because both the Jewish right and left constantly assert that the only way that the Jewish people can be acclimated to modern society is at the expense of the Torah. Joe Lieberman may help prove this concept wrong. Lieberman, an Orthodox Jew and a Senator at the same time, was chosen precisely because of his religion, from where his morals stem. Lieberman has spread his belief that religion must play a more prominent role in public life, on the campaign trail. Thus, he has been accused of attempting to violate the separation of church and state. Religion has held a helpful and constructive role in the general outlook of Presidents since Washington. In fact, Lieberman has referred to Washington's statement that there is no morality without religion. Both Jefferson and Lincoln constantly called upon G-d in their writings. Truman wrote a letter to the Pope referring to America as a Christian nation. Eisenhower inserted in the national anthem under god and the national currency in God we trust. What animated the thought systems of these men was the idea that a higher deity, or history, or destiny, was on their side. This idea served as a way to legitimize the often-unsavory means to acomplish vastly important ends, such as when Eisenhower overthrew the socialist, democratically elected leader of Guatemala. This act on a small scale destroyed democracy in one Central American country, but on a larger scale kept the Western Hemisphere safe for democracy. Through this habit of mind various Presidents used religion to validate secular goals. This practice, though necessary, has always been dangerous too. First of all, there is the pernicious temptation of breaking ones own principles temporarily to establish them later on. Secondly, there is the need to maintain the separation between church and state. From Liebermans acceptably vague call for more religion in public life, it is not a long road to Bushs unacceptably specific Jesus day. Sometimes the line between beneficial and right use of religion and destructive and wrong use of religion can get so blurred that there is no line at all. It is too soon to tell how Lieberman and his religious beliefs will effect the election, the Jews and the nation. Political Issues

Sociocultural Aspects of Maternal and Child Health Nursing Essays

Sociocultural Aspects of Maternal and Child Health Nursing Essays Sociocultural Aspects of Maternal and Child Health Nursing Essay Sociocultural Aspects of Maternal and Child Health Nursing Essay Another way that time orientation differs is in whether a culture concentrates on the past, the present, or the future. Work and school orientation : People in united states are supposed to work , they are also expected to finish school o they can learn an occupation and support themselves in their adult life. E. G. The predominant culture in the united states stresses that everyone should be employed be employed productively (called the Protestant work ethic) and that work be a pleasure and valued in itself (as important as the product of the work). Other culture do not value work in itself but see it as only a means to an end (you work to get money or food, not satisfaction). Family Orientation : Family structure and the roles of family members are other lifestyle that are culturally determined. Please see different types of families) Male and Female Roles : In most culture , man is the dominant figure. In such a culture, if approval for hospital admission or therapy is needed , the man is the one who gives this approval. In a culture in which men are very dominant and women are extremely passive, a woman may be unable to offer an opinion of her own health or be embarrassed to submit to a physical examination, especially from a male some cultures, the woman may be the dominant person in the family. The oldest woman in the home would be the one to give consent for treatment or hospital admission. Religion : Religion guides a persons overall life philosophy. It influences how people feel about health and illness, what foods they eat, and their preferences about birth and death rituals. E. G. Asks in Jehovah refused blood transfusion. Health Beliefs : Are not universal . It is generally assumed in developed in countries that illness is caused by documented factors such as bacteria, viruses, or trauma. In other countries, however, illness may be viewed primarily as punishment from God or an evil spirit, or as the work of a person who wishes to harm to the sick persons Nutrition Practices : Food and their methods of preparation are strongly culturally related. E. G. Food and their methods of preparation are strongly culturally related Pain Responses : A persons response to pain is a final category that is both individually and culturally determined Jacob et al. , 2008). Although all people may have the same threshold sensation (the amount of stimulus that results in pain), their pain threshold (the point at which the individual reports that a stimulus is painful) and pain tolerance (the point at which an individual withdraws from a stimulus) vary greatly. Strategies to help recognize cultural influences on pain perception are to: a. Appreciate that the meaning of pain varies among cultures; b. Appreciate that not all people communicate or express their level of pain in the same way; c. Recognize that communication of pain may not even be acceptable within a culture; d. Develop an awareness of your personal values and beliefs and that they may affect how you respond to people in pain; and e. Use an assessment tool, such as 1-10 scale, to assist in measuring pain so you are certain that you are being objective as possible.

Lab report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 14

Lab Report Example Once the cuvette is filled and locked. Place it in the colorimeter and read the first wavelength. This will be your base reading that you use to determine the intensity of color in the upcoming readings. Once that is read, you can then clean the cuvette again. You will get a reading for each setting on the Calorimeter (430nm, 470nm, 565nm,635nm). You will use the lowest percentage reading and stick with that setting for the duration of the experiment. You will then start using your color solution to get readings and determine the intensity of color. You will begin doing this by adding more dye to the solution. You will start at 10% and work your way up to 100% .Each time you add a percentage of water to the solution you will place the cuvette into the calorimeter and read the results. Each time you finish getting the results, clean the cuvette and begin to do it again to all other percentages. The graph gives the best fit line, or the straightest line is one that predicts vs concentration. This graph however, does not match the equation of Beer-Lambert’s law. The x-axis of the Beer-Lambert’s equation represents the concentration while the y-axis represents the absorbance. Lambert-Beer Law is used to determine concentration [M, mM, or  mM] from Absorbance [No unit], if the molar extinction coefficient  e  [M-1cm-1] of a compound and the path length of the cuvette [cm] that the distance light passes through the solution are known.  The formula  of this relationship: The possible limitations of spectroscopy used in this investigation are the narrowness of spectra and effect of stray radiations that might have made the measurements of absorbance upon slit width and wavelength setting and the fact that it is not possible to know molecular weight of substance could also affect the investigation. The goal of this experiment is to find the factors that affect the intensity of color. This was done

SLP - 3 Negative Letters Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

SLP - 3 Negative Letters - Essay Example In this case, messages sent to customers possess attributes meant to foster beneficial reactions; hence facilitating realization of business goals. In this context, positive messages are usually meant to foster positive and beneficial relationships with existing customer base. However, certain situations require delivery of negative messages to clients. Within any given commercial setting, some clients may demonstrate negative business practices towards service providers. Based on financial and marketing management, undesirable practices may undermine realization of commercial goals of revenue generation and profit maximization. In such instances, business leaders should be able to synthesis objective letters meant to deliver desired messages to incorporative clients. In order to formulate an objective negative letter, one has to take into consideration relevant communication principles. Carl and Naether (2012) agree that close adoption of these principles will ensure synthesis of a letter in a manner that delivers desired message in a professional and timely manner. The first principle involves the effects of the negative letter upon reception by the target client. Negative business letters should elicit desired effects upon reception by the client. With respect to the element of effect, effective letters should be clear and concise in order to facilitate understanding by target audience. Wordings within a negative letter should possess a stern and somber mood. Suitable selection of words will ensure that receiving client understands the required effect of the communication. According to Carl and Naether (2012), the next principle takes into consideration significance of communication with respect to the business relationship. From a theoretical perspective, business persons ought to maintain positive communications with their clients. However, certain situations necessitate adoption of negative communication. In this regard, negative letters should express th oughts and emotions in a precise and accurate manner. Accuracy and precision ensure that target clients pay close attention to the causative factors of message in the letter. This will create an atmosphere where the client will appraise the seriousness of his or her negative practices. Letter To Ms. Minnie MacElroy, 27694 Bay Point Lane, Bonita Springs, FL 34134. Dear Madam, Re: Termination of Business Contract It is understandable that the current economic situation may cause constrains to most WebTastic’s clients. The company’s management express its general concerns and on the issue, and would like to thank loyal clients for their earlier corporation. As the owner of this small business, I appreciate the fact that current client base facilitated inception and growth of the company’s business objectives. We have always strived hard in maintaining relationships with clients through regular communication and feedback analysis. In situations where the companyâ₠¬â„¢s website programs develop technical hitches, we have always responded appropriately and in a timely manner. In this case, WebTastic goals seek to provide quality and responsive services to its current new clients. In certain instances, web developers worked for additional hours in order to deliver customized services to loyal patrons. In addition,

Emotional intelligent Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Emotional intelligent - Essay Example The last part will highlight proper practices toward enhancing the emotional intelligence of the employees in the company. The article entitled What is Emotional Intelligence? formally defined emotional intelligence or EI as â€Å"Emotional intelligence is the ability to perceive emotions, to access and generate emotions so as to assist thought, to understand emotions and emotional knowledge, and to reflectively regulate emotions so as to promote emotional and intellectual growth† (Mayer 1). Firstly, the ability-based model is hinged on the assumption that emotions serve as a medium of information that is helpful in social environments and in social relationships. Since not all individuals share the same capabilities on the processing of emotional information, this model presents three common types of emotional abilities: (1) emotional perception highlights the person’s ability to recognize and understand his and other people’s emotions through verbal and non-verbal forms of communication; (2) emotional use banks on the capacity to use emotions to undertake other cognitive abilities; and (3) emotional management looks at the ability to self-regulate emotions of oneself and of other (MTD 23). In all of these models, it can be claimed that studying people’s personal and social competencies is crucial in assessing the overall status of their emotional intelligence. These two realms of EI have been used as guide in coming up with an in-depth examination of EI (Dattner 3). In a research document entitled The Emotional Competence Framework, personal competency has been discussed as a combination of: (1) self awareness that stresses on emotional awareness, accurate self-assessment, and self-confidence; (2) self regulation that underscores self control, conscientiousness, adaptability, and innovativeness; and (3)

Characteristics of a Capitalist Society

Characteristics of a Capitalist Society Title: What social, economic or cultural characteristics define a society as capitalist? Which characteristics have held constant, and which been transformed, in the period since the late 18th century? According to sources, it was William Makepeace Thackeray who initially applied the notion of ‘capitalism’ in 1854 to define the ownership of capital. Throughout the history, the term capitalism has been closely associated with other related notions, including: market capitalism, laissez-faire (pure capitalism), economic liberalism, private enterprise etc[1]. Capitalism transformed feudalism in the Western world, namely Britain, from where it had flourished throughout Europe predetermining economic, cultural and political developments of the then society. Later, over the 19th and 20th centuries, capitalism formed the grounds of industrialization[2]. Nevertheless, namely the eighteenth century became crucial in the foundation of capitalism concept after the first economic school was established in Britain. The school has produced much of the fundamental thought in the field of classical political economy supported by the invaluable contributions of David Ricardo, Adam Smit h, John Stuart Mill, and Jean-Baptiste Say et al who thoroughly researched various ways goods were produced, distributed and exchanged under market conditions. Namely, those classical thoughts have set the foundations of the contemporary perception of capitalism[3]. During the 18th century the concept of capitalism was much commercialized and dominated by merchants. Consequently, by the end of 18th century, mercantilism was in dire straits since mercantile activity could not longer provide sufficient resources to maintain military expenditures of those states that depended on commerce. The subsequent industrial revolution was another driving force that had intensified the crisis since the new industrializing countries were questioning the true value of mercantilist practices. In the course of the industrial revolution, merchants were replaced by industrialists to dominate the capitalist system and diminish the roles of conventional handicraft labourers, including guilds, artisans and journeymen. Other effects involved the advancement of bourgeoisie as a dominant social class as well as immense mechanization of agriculture. Being the center of the Industrial Revolution in the mid-18th century, Great Britain made a considerable influence on the ne w perception of traditional mercantilist doctrines through the works of economic theorists who claimed that the global wealth was constant and only states were able to increase their own wealth at the account of other (weaker) states. According to Marx, since the last third of the 18th century industrial capitalism should be associated with the following factors: (1) development of the factory system wherein manufacturing was based on the complex division and exploitation of labor within work processes; (2) routine designation of work duties; and (3) the overall dominance of the capitalist mode of production[4]. In the mid-18th century, French physiocrat David Hume much contributed to the promotion of free trade as well as the concept of land as the main source of wealth. Later on, in 1759 Franà §ois Quesnay outlined further features of capitalism in his Tableau Économique, wherein he provided the first ever analytical description of the economy, having predetermined the grounds for the economic theory forwarded by physiocrats. These critical views were strongly supported by Anne Robert Jacques Turgot who advocated free trade in contrast to customs duties and tariff. More precisely, Richard Cantillon featured the notion of long-run equilibrium being the balance of income flows, pointed out the dependence between land and prices, and the impact supply and demand had on short-term prices[5]. 1776 marked the appearance of Adam Smith’s The Wealth of Nations wherein the economist defended his standpoint regarding natural liberty system and fiercely opposed mercantilism. At this point, according to economic theorists, the roots of classical political economy were put down. Specifically, the economist forwarded a couple of capitalism-related concepts that are of great theoretical and empirical importance today. For instance, Smith’s ‘invisible hand’ theory of the market indicates that individual interest is a core prerequisite of collective social good (wealth). While forwarding his liberal economic concepts favoring free markets, Smith was vehemently opposed by the sentiments of then domineering mercantilist society[6]. In particular, Smith severely criticized all forms of state intervention in the economy, as well as restrictions imposed by a state including duties and tariffs, and monopolies, on the other hand. At that he held a strong view that market alone was able to fairly redistribute all the available resources. More than that, Smith advocated retaliatory tariffs as indispensable part of free trade, wherein patents and copyrights encouraged innovation[7]. In a while, Smith’s views were supported by David Ricardo the author of the economic law of comparative advantage forwarded in 1817 in The Principles of Political Economy and Taxation, explaining mutual benefits of trade between the parties, regardless all possible economic differences between them. Thus, the notion of free trade was proven. Guided by the Say’s Law, Ricardo emphasized on the significance of full employment enabling a competitive economy with normal equilibrium[8]. Furthermore, Ricardo advocated strong interrelation between the changes in credit and monetary quantities and inflation, and emphasized on the diminishing returns highlighting the interdependence of additional inputs and outputs[9]. Following Smith’s ideas, Karl Marx clearly differentiated the use and exchange value of commodities in the market. Hence, Marx perceived capital as the value created through the purchase of commodities in order to create new commodities which exchange value would exceed the amount of initial purchases. Moreover, Marx considered the use of labor force featured by certain exchange value (i.e. wage) as a sufficient commodity in the capitalist society. Though, according to Marx, the value of labour force has always been less compared to the value potentially gained by the capitalist out of its use. Such principle difference, as Marx argues, creates surplus value extracted and accumulated in the capitalist society. Marx’s fundamental work is named Capital, where he clearly distinguished the capitalist mode of production. Precisely, to provide a relevant evidence Marx explained how the surplus was extracted by the capital owners from workers through the sale-value of produced commodities[10]. In due respect, Marx claimed that namely surplus value extraction laid the grounds for a struggle between the classes. Thus, Marx considered labour as the primary source of profit. In addition to this, Marx held a strong opinion regarding an exploited labor as the driving force that could revolutionize socialist-style economies. Herewith, the analysis of Marxian thinking assumes that centrally-planned economies mainly established in the former communist societies to a great extent reflected the features of state capitalism through the exploitation of labor force. Subsequently, in 1916 Vladimir Lenin transformed the notion of Marxian capitalism into imperialism claiming monopoly capitalism as the highest stage of capitalism society in his Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism[11]. The German Historical School provided fresh insight into the perception of capitalism as the efficient system that supplied markets with production. In such a way, this approach highlighted the core difference between capitalism and previous modes of economic activity since capitalism assumed principal shift from medieval restrictions imposed on money and credit to the monetary economy emphasizing on the profit. Another prominent thinker that influenced the understanding of distinguishing characteristics of capitalism in the 19th century was Max Weber, German social theorist. Weber mainly concentrated on market exchange conversely to production, as the main distinguishing characteristic of capitalism. At that, he pointed out that within the capitalist mode enterprises focused on the rationalization of production by maximizing productivity and efficiency[12]. In his fundamental work 1904-1905 The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, Weber traced the way capitalism transforme d previous economic systems. For this purpose, the theorist highlighted the ‘spirit of capitalism’ particular to Puritan comprehension of human laboring. Weber deemed that a devotion to God helped the Puritans to lay the foundations of the then economic mode. Compared to Marx, Weber regarded capitalism in a broader perspective rather than merely a result caused by the alterations in the means of production[13]. Therefore, capitalism, from Weber’s viewpoint, was the advanced economic system that had ever been developed throughout human evolution. In particular, Weber identified the following distinguishing characteristics particular to capitalism: public credit, corporate business, and expansion of bureaucracy. Being opposed to socialist remarks against capitalism, Weber himself criticized the very economic system as one that posed threat to the conventional cultural values shared by the society as well as the one that constrained human freedom. Namely, Weber much criticized ‘spiritless specialists’ and ‘heartless hedonists’ who had nothing in common with the genuine Puritan spirit particular to capitalism[14]. During 1930-s, John Maynard Keynes had a tremendous influence on the notion of capitalism and the role of monetary policy. The British economist emphasized on the important functions of monetary policy within economic policy. In his The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money 1937 he argued that capitalism was not able to fully recover from the slowdowns in investment. At that, Keynes claimed that the economic mode particular to the capitalist society could sustain its indefinite equilibrium even in spite of high unemployment. At that, during the 1930s Keynesian approach to economics assumed that laissez-faire capitalist economics was self-sufficient and did not need any intervention from a state to cut down unemployment or boost aggregate demand. Furthermore, Keynes suggested ‘pump-priming’ approach to save the economy from recession in the period of economic down-turn, which involved increase in government borrowing and spending as well as cutting-down taxes. In such a way, Keynes put forward his idea of cutting real wages through the system of their control from the state and deterring from holding money during inflation[15]. This indicates that Keynes much favored state regulation as an effective tool to eliminate economic slowdown. Actually, Keynesian policies enabled the capitalism recovery afterwards the state of the Great Depression[16]. The contemporary academic research on the concept of capitalism is largely grounded on neoclassical economics and the relevant approaches developed by the Chicago School. The modern perception of capitalism therefore favors neutral government regulation and coordination of markets with the focus being placed on property rights’ maintenance; deregulation of labor markets; promotion of corporate governance by private owners; development of transparent financial systems with capital market-based financing in their core. According to Milton Friedman, active follower of Adam Smith’s thinking, under the conditions of free competition social responsibility makes up an indispensable part of any business activity and profit-making. In such a way, Friedman shows how self-interest can benefit the entire society in the modern economic conditions[17]. The major distinctive features of capitalist society were pointed out throughout the 20th century while experts compared and contrasted due system with the centrally planned economic system. In due respect, capitalism has always enabled consumers with free choice, while producers were able to satisfy a consumer demand. By contrast, in the planned economies the production was entirely controlled and directed by a hierarchically-led state policy. Thus, capitalism alone has achieved sufficient delivery of goods and services through the privatization of previously state-owned means of production and infrastructural objects. In addition to this, the notion of capitalism is closely associated with the abolishment of subsidies and free trade wherein capitalist society is prone to perform both rational and irrational actions that are often unpredictable. Namely the last quarter of the 20th century clearly indicated the increasing ability of people and capital to mobilize. Globalization alone has opened a new avenue for the development of both capitalist and non-capitalist models. Today, capitalism is regarded by many as world system featured by all the peculiarities of capitalist trade. Analysts state that such perception of capitalism dates back to the early 20th century imperialism. Following the same fashion, imperialistic policies emphasized on the promotion of capitalistic principles of free trade among countries. Taking the abovementioned features of the contemporary capitalism into account, it is noteworthy that along with many positive effects global capitalism has caused the state of global inequality in income rates, social security, access to strategic resources, and redistribution of world capital. In due respect, since the times of the Industrial Revolution there have been considerable changes boosted by economic growth in such areas as life expectancy, access to educational resources and information and communication technologies, literacy, infant mortality, child labor etc. By and large, global capitalist economy has been dramatically shifted b y the invention and fast application of telecommunications within the last thirty years. Information and communication technologies such as computers, Internet and cell phones have enabled most of the business transactions in virtually any part of the globe[18]. Overall, capitalism promotes economic growth and social standard of living measured by Gross Domestic Product (GDP). According to Adam Smith, free market alone allocates necessary resources and controls production and price, which is particular to the contemporary world capitalist system. Furthermore, capitalist economy, if compared to conventional economic systems and feudal or socialist societies, provides vast opportunities to raise individual income while engaging in new professions or launching private business ventures, for example. As Milton Friedman puts it, competitive capitalism leads to economic freedom and subsequently to the political one where there is no place for the centralized control of economic activity or political repression from the state. Conversely, the variety of market economy transactions causes wide diversity of activities and/or their free choice. In accordance with John Maynard Keynes and Friedrich Hayek, capitalism is a reflection of economic freedom w hich is essential for social survival and development[19]. Thus, many capitalism supporters claim that namely the decentralized system of coordination is the most powerful feature of capitalism. Particularly, the decentralization of economic processes leads to free competition and optimal solutions to the arising challenges. Even the slightest control from then state, according to the Austrian School thinkers, can potentially cause serious inefficiencies since economy then becomes unpredictable in the long-term perspective. One of the major causes of the Great Depression, for instance, was the immense interventionist policy led by the Federal Reserve. Despite such positive views on capitalism, throughout its long evolution this economic concept was fiercely criticized by namely left-oriented proponents. 19th century conservatives, for instance, regarded particular characteristics of capitalism such as commodity production and free market exchange as potential threats to religious and cultural traditions. Other critics associated capitalism with the spread of negligence, corruption, and many other socio-economic problems. Socialists, for example, strived for the state regulation of capitalism rather than its abolishment. Throughout centuries, much of criticism has been received from religious leaders who fiercely opposed the materialist side of capitalism. From a religious viewpoint, it would rather be mixed economy that could meet the demands of society and ensure economic justice. For the most part, critics point out at negative features of capitalism including: inefficient and unfair distribution of power and wealth; monopolisti c tendencies of businesses and corporations; signs of cultural and economic exploitation of cheap and unskilled labour force (including children and/or old people); social alienation, unemployment, economic instability, and inequality to name a few. Nowadays, however, we understand capitalism as an economic system that assumes private ownership and control of wealth and the means of its production. In due respect, state ownership bears limited relation to the essence of capitalism. Both private individuals (entrepreneurs) and companies (corporations and small and medium-sized enterprises) own, operate, and trade capital and labor, as well as other resources for the sake of profit-making. In the contemporary conditions, capitalism is an indispensable component of market economy which entirely excludes any government intervention in the transactions that involve investments, income, distribution, production, pricing and supply of goods and services etc. Furthermore, labour as such is a distinguishing feature that characterizes capitalism in the contemporary conditions of fierce competition. Based on appropriate knowledge and skills, human resources are viewed as the most valuable asset by the majority of employers. Herewith, marke t rules make up a regulatory framework that determines economic developments in the contemporary capitalist state. In most instances, the role of a state is limited to the provision of relevant infrastructure and public goods. This indicates that economic developments are predominantly grounded on the so-called ‘laissez-faire’ principle envisaging a minimum state intervention into the economy. Consequently, the contemporary notion of capitalism highlights the ultimate importance of the control over the means of production by private owners wherein the state role is mainly limited to the protection of property rights. However, such conclusion would be correct only from the pure capitalism viewpoint. By and large, the well-developed contemporary economies present a mixture of public and private ownership and therefore are reasonably referred to as the capitalist mixed economies, where both private capital and state serve their particular roles. In its essence, classical p olitical economy has been strongly interrelated with classical liberal doctrine assuming minimum economic intervention on the part of government. At that economic and social realms were clearly distinguished, wherein state could provide necessary public goods and services[20]. Reference list Bellamy, R. 2003, The Cambridge History of Twentieth-Century Political Thought. Cambridge University Press Burnham, P. 2003, Capitalism: The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Politics. Oxford University Press. Calhoun, C. 2002. Capitalism: Dictionary of the Social Sciences. Oxford University Press. Edgell, S. 2006, The Sociology of Work: Continuity and Change in Paid and Unpaid Work. London: Sage, Ch 1. Erhardt, E. History of Economic Development, Lindner Center Auditorium, Cincinnati. Evans, P. 1997, The Eclipse of the State? Reflections on Stateness in an Era of Globalization. World Politics 50 (1): 62–87. Friedman, M. 1970, The Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase its Profits, The New York Times Magazine. Hunt, E. 2002, History of Economic Thought: A Critical Perspective. M.E. Sharpe Kumar, K. 1978, Prophecy and Progress, London Penguin. Ch. 3. Lane J. Ersson, S. 2002, Government and the Economy: A Global Perspective. Continuum International Publishing Group. Saunders, P. 1995, Capitalism. University of Minnesota Press. Skousen, M, 2001, The Making of Modern Economics: The Lives and Ideas of the Great Thinkers. M.E. Sharpe Wheen, F. 2006, Books That Shook the World: Marxs Das Kapital1st ed. London: Atlantic Books 1 Footnotes [1] K Kumar 1978, Prophecy and Progress, London Penguin. Ch. 3. [2] P Saunders, 1995. Capitalism. University of Minnesota Press. p. 1 [3] M Skousen 2001, The Making of Modern Economics: The Lives and Ideas of the Great Thinkers. M.E. Sharpe [4] S Edgell 2006, The Sociology of Work: Continuity and Change in Paid and Unpaid Work. London: Sage, Ch 1. [5] M Skousen 2001, The Making of Modern Economics: The Lives and Ideas of the Great Thinkers. M.E. Sharpe [6] E Hunt 2002, History of Economic Thought: A Critical Perspective. M.E. Sharpe [7] P Burnham 2003, Capitalism: The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Politics. Oxford University Press. [8] M Skousen 2001, The Making of Modern Economics: The Lives and Ideas of the Great Thinkers. M.E. Sharpe [9] C Calhoun 2002. Capitalism: Dictionary of the Social Sciences. Oxford University Press. [10] F Wheen 2006, Books That Shook the World: Marxs Das Kapital1st ed. London: Atlantic Books [11] E Erhardt, History of Economic Development, Lindner Center Auditorium, Cincinnati. [12] Erhardt (Ibid). [13] Erhardt (Ibid). [14] Erhardt (Ibid). [15] Erhardt (Ibid). [16] M Friedman 1970, The Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase its Profits, The New York Times Magazine. [17] Friedman (Ibid). [18] P Evans 1997, The Eclipse of the State? Reflections on Stateness in an Era of Globalization. World Politics 50 (1): 62–87. [19] R Bellamy 2003, The Cambridge History of Twentieth-Century Political Thought. Cambridge University Press [20] J Lane S Ersson, 2002, Government and the Economy: A Global Perspective. Continuum International Publishing Group.

Essay --

Markus Zusak Markus Zusak was born on June 23rd, 1975 in Sydney, Australia. His mother is German, and his father is Austrian. When he was just a boy, his parents told him stories about what happened during world war two, and these stories would eventually inspire him to write The Book Thief. He even included specific events that he learned about from his mother, such as the parade of Jews, and when Munich was bombed. He began writing when he was but a teenager, and stated that his inspiration came from The Old Man and the Sea, and What’s Eating Gilbert Grape. Importance of Setting The Book Thief is set in a small fictional German town called Mulching, which is said to be right outside of Munich. The story begins in the midst of the troubles of world war two, when Hitler has been in power for a decent amount of time. Zusak wanted to portray the story of the German side of things, showing how information about what Hitler was doing was not commonly known. He wanted to show the struggles that can happen in even the smallest towns, emphasizing Nazi influence throughout the book. Some Germans full of pride, others with regret, even more with fear. This is just a small town, but even what they do has consequences, and this shows how much of an actor you had to be to stay alive if you disagreed with the Gestapo. List of Characters Death The introduction of death is an oddity that should be expected, as a spiritual superstition given form should always have some sort of mystery about them. Death is the narrator of The book Thief, telling the readers the tales that he finds interesting while supplanting seemingly meaningless interjections of facts and other such trivial things. In the beginning of the book, he tells us o... ...t. She makes money by doing the laundry of the rich people in Mulching, but secretly hates it and them. Her love for her husband Hans is great, and enjoys Liesel’s company just as much, even if she doesn’t show it. Max Vandenburg A Jew who has been living in secret with the Hubermanns in their basement. He befriends Liesel and has been steadily learning how to read with her help. With Liesel’s inspiration, he starts to draw and write his own books, basing them off his life and his visions. He titles the two books â€Å"The Standover Man† and â€Å"The Word Shaker†. Hitler is a recurring thought for him, as he imagines himself fighting him in a fist fight, which makes sense considering that Max was always ready and willing for fighting other people when he was younger. Max is forced to leave after Hans makes a mistake and shows his compassion for people. Rudy Steiner